March 2023
- 21: Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupter – NEC 2017 Provision Missing in PEC 2017
- 19: Branch Circuit Maximum Loads according to Philippine Electrical Code 2017 Edition
- 15: A Brief History of Electrical Power Systems
- 14: IEC Standard Voltages
- 12: Identification of Grounded Conductors – Philippine Electrical Code 2017 Edition
- 11: Significant Updates of the Philippines Electrical Code 2017 Edition
- 05: Hazards of Insufficient Short-Circuit Current Rating according the Philippine Electrical Code 2017 Edition
February 2023
- 21: If you don’t know, Ask…
- 18: Variable Frequency Drives Cable Selection
- 16: Paralleling of Generators – Application Guide
- 15: Selection of Circuit Breakers
- 10: Importance of Slip in Induction Motors
- 09: IEEE Std 80 Step Potential and Touch Potential Calculation
- 05: Comparison of NEMA 250 Enclosures and IEC 60529 Degrees of Protection (IP Code)
- 01: Impact of Unbalance Voltage on Induction Motors
January 2023
- 29: CAUTION! Do not mix LV and ELV in Multicore Control Cable
- 28: Implementing Type 2 Coordination to Improve the Performance of the Motor Control Center
- 27: Fundamentals of a Motor Thermal Model and its Applications in Motor Protection
- 24: History of Earthing / Grounding
- 23: Traits of Successful Design Engineers
- 22: Grounded Conductors and Bonding Jumpers for Alternating-Current Systems – Philippine Electrical Code 2017
- 21: Concrete-Encased Electrodes – Grounding Electrode Permitted by the Philippine Electrical Code 2017 Edition
- 18: Renewable Energy Sources
- 17: Low Voltage Three Phase AC Motors Protection – Part 5
- 16: Low Voltage Three Phase AC Motors Protection – Part 4
- 15: Low Voltage Three Phase AC Motors Protection – Part 3
- 14: Low Voltage Three Phase AC Motors Protection – Part 2
- 13: Low Voltage Three Phase AC Motors Protection – Part 1
- 12: Classification of Grounding According to Functions
- 05: IEC 60079 Hazardous Area Zone Classifications
- 04: Arc-Flash Hazard Warning according to Philippine Electrical Code 2017 Edition
- 03: IEC 62305 – Protection against lightning
- 01: Lightning Protection – Rolling Sphere Method Accordning to Philippine Electrical Code 2017 Edition
December 2022
- 28: Non-electrical Methods of Partial Discharge (PD) Detection
- 27: ANSI/IEEE vs IEC Short Circuit Calculations Methodology
- 23: Importance of Project Design Stages
- 22: Electrical Engineer’s Secondary Skill
- 20: IEEE & IEC Comparison – Terms & Jargon
- 18: Is your Solar Panel Installation Compliant to Philippine Electrical Code 2017 Edition?
- 17: Rural Substation Design
- 14: Ground-fault Protection for Personnel In Dwelling Units In Accordance to Philippine Electrical Code 2017 Edition
- 11: Cable Size Selection for Cyclic Loads
- 09: Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks (Energy Engineering) 4th Edition
- 07: Power Electronics Converter Harmonics: Multipulse Methods for Clean Power
- 05: Materials for Lightning Protection in accordance to Philippine Electrical Code 2017 Edition
- 04: Single Family Dwelling Service Disconnecting Means According to Philippine Electrical Code 2017 Edition
November 2022
- 30: Selective Coordination According to Philippine Electrical Code 2017 Edition
- 28: Paralleling Generator Systems
- 26: Circuit Breaker Interrupting Capacity and Short-Time Current Ratings
- 22: Limiting transferred earth potentials
- 19: What is an Effective Grounding?
- 14: Counterfeits Can Kill
- 13: IEEE Std 3002.8 – IEEE Recommended Practice for Conducting Harmonic Studies and Analysis of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
- 08: IEC 61439 – Relationship between peak current and short-time current
- 07: Philippine Electrical Code – Arc-Flash Hazard Warning Requirement
- 06: Voltage Levels – IEC 61000-3-6
- 05: Application of Maximum and Minimum Short Circuit Currents as per IEC 60909
- 03: Electrical Hazards and Safety
- 02: Philippine Electrical Code – Low Voltage
- 01: Asynchronous (Induction) Motor Data – IEC 60909
October 2022
- 31: PEC Requirement for Ground-Fault Protection
- 25: Circuit Breaker Utilization Categories (IEC 60947-2)
- 24: Renewable Energy sources – Pros & Cons
- 16: The Need for Power System Fault Analysis
- 15: ATEX Certified Equipment
- 13: IEC 62262 – IK Codes – Impact Protection for Electrical Enclosures
- 11: Cable Shield and Outer Sheath Grounding (Earthing)
- 09: Arc Flash Equipment Labeling Requirement
- 06: Which Standard Prevails?
- 05: Estimation of Plant Electrical Load – Part 3
- 04: Explosive Atmospheres – ANSI/ISA/UL/NFPA/EIC
- 03: Equipment Protection Level
- 02: Estimation of Plant Electrical Load – Part 2
- 02: Lightning protection
- 01: Extending Equipment Service Life
September 2022
- 29: Estimation of Plant Electrical Load – Part 1
- 28: Tips on Effective Design
- 27: Short-circuit Apparent Power of the System
- 26: Effect of Utility Fault Level to Low Voltage Equipment Ratings
- 25: Misfits of Design
- 24: Matching the Induction Motor Rating to the Driven Load Power
- 22: Hardwired vs Software Interlocks
- 22: Identification of Conductors And Terminals – IEC 60445
- 20: Miniature Circuit Breaker Applications
- 19: Emergency Lighting Design, Requirement and Compliance
- 18: IEC 60364-5-56 Safety Services (Emergency Systems)
- 17: Design Uniformity Simplifies Replication
- 15: PEC Requirement for Ground-Fault Protection
- 14: Rotating-machine Reactance Multipliers
- 14: Insulation Class and Temperature Rise
- 11: Grid-connected Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System – Need to Know
- 10: Effects of Voltage Variations on Induction Motors
- 07: Effects of Electrical Current to the Human Body
- 06: Arc-flash Hazard Protection – IEC Standard
- 02: Electrical Burns
- 01: Transformer Voltage Regulation
August 2022
- 29: Arc Flash – Calculating Arcing Current
- 25: Protection of the Neutral Conductor
- 21: Effect of Air Density on Equipment Physical Size
- 20: IEC 60076-5 Transformer Impedances
- 18: Earth-fault Factor – Importance in Equipment Selection
- 17: Compliance to NEC Standards and Requirements is not Compliance to NFPA 70E
- 15: Engineering Standards – Do We Need to Comply With Them?
- 14: Application – Fault Sequence Network Connection
- 11: Lightning Protection Of Oil And Gas Industrial Plants
- 10: IEC Motor Protection Coordination
- 09: IEEE 399 – Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis
- 08: Arc Flash – Hazard and System Grounding
- 07: Arc Flash – Incident Energy at Working Distance
- 07: Lightning Damage to Services
- 06: Power Factor Correction and Power System Energy Efficiency
- 04: Short-circuit apparent power of the system
- 03: Life Without Electricity
- 02: IEEE / IEC Oil-immersed Transformers – Methods of Cooling
- 01: IEC 60909 vs ANSI/IEEE 141 Short-Circuit Current Calculations
July 2022
- 31: Fault Sequence Network Connections
- 28: Motor Cable Selection Chart Explained
- 26: Modes of Operation – Variable Speed Drives
- 24: System Voltage Classes (ANSI)
- 21: Electrical Power System Studies
- 20: Protection Against Electric Shock – Indirect Contact
- 18: IEEE and IEC Interface
- 17: IEC 60038 – Voltage Standardization
- 13: Motor Protection -Direct Temperature Sensing
- 12: A Junction Box Is Required
- 09: Open Circuit Faults
- 06: Importance of Design Documentation
- 04: Common Mode Voltages: Causes, Effects and Mitigation
- 02: Cable Rating Reduction Factor due to Harmonic Currents
- 01: Harmonics and Neutral Currents
June 2022
- 30: What is the Allowable Harmonics In the Philippines?
- 29: Engineers Need Actual Site Experience to Do Effective Design
- 29: Greenfield and Brownfield Projects
- 28: Lightning Damage to Structures
- 26: Concept Selection or Detail Design
- 25: Differential Protection – Fast and Reliable
- 24: IEC 61439-1 Minimum Size for PE, PEN Conductors
- 23: Conductor Stranding – IEEE vs IEC Standards
- 22: GMD, GMR and Waterfall Charts
- 20: Three Elements of Good Engineering Design
- 19: Insulation Testing
- 18: International Standards as PEC Alternatives in Electrical Installation in the Philippines
- 16: Electrical Protective Devices and Their Applications
- 15: Low Voltage Fuses Applications
- 14: Insulation Coordination – Why is it required?
- 13: Compliance to Standards is not necessarily compliance to Legislations
- 12: PEC Requirements for Design Analysis Report
- 11: RA 7920 Regulating the Practice of Electrical Engineering in the Philippines
- 10: RA 7920 Provision on Signing of Technical Documents and Drawings
- 09: Effects of Temperature On Cables – Faulty Electrical Wiring
- 09: Calculating Utility Source Impedance
- 08: Circuit Breaker Time-Current Characteristic Curve Made Easy
- 07: Advantages of Per Unit and Percent Calculations
- 06: Symmetrical Components – The Beginning
- 04: Safety in Design
- 02: Why The PEC Needs to Adapt IEC
- 01: Once an Engineer, Always an Engineer
May 2022
- 28: PEC – Is Voltage Drop Calculation Required?
- 26: The Purpose of Maximum and Minimum Short-circuit Currents
- 25: Calculation of Maximum and Minimum Short-circuit Currents
- 24: Comparison of IEC and ANSI Terminology
- 21: Transformer K-factor Rating and Variable Speed Drives
- 19: Old School Method Rocks (Do not be an Idiot)
- 17: Transformer K-Factor Rating and Harmonics
- 14: 10 Reasons to Use Per unit
- 10: Circuit Breaker Ratings – A Primer for Protection Engineers
- 08: Determining the required sizes of earthing conductors and earth electrodes
- 07: Effects of Unbalance Voltage on Induction Motors
- 05: When the Basis of Design Fails to Serve its Purpose
- 03: Effects of Harmonics on Resistive Loads
- 02: Phase Shifting Transformers to Cancel Harmonics
- 01: Phase Sequence of Harmonics
April 2022
- 29: Harmonics and Power Quality
- 28: Introduction to Harmonics
- 27: Ground and Bonding – What is the Difference?
- 26: Time-Current Curves Using Excel
- 25: Effects of harmonics on Electrical Equipment
- 24: Three Phase Voltage Unbalance – Causes, Effects & Mitigation
- 23: IEC Equipment Voltages
- 17: Resistance of Earth Electrodes in Parallel
- 16: Resistance of a Single Earth Electrode
- 08: Isolation of Neutral Conductor in Hazardous Areas
- 03: Philippine Electrical Code – Working Spaces
March 2022
- 31: Philippine Electrical Code – Metal Underground Water Pipe as Grounding Electrode
- 30: Philippine Electrical Code – Equipment Grounding, Grounded and Neutral Conductors
- 21: Electrical Connections Temperature Limitations – Philippine Electrical Code
- 19: Republic Act No 11285 – Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act (Part 4)
- 17: Republic Act No 11285 – Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act (Part 3)
- 16: Republic Act No 11285 – Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act (Part 2)
- 13: Republic Act No 11285 – Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act (Part 1)
- 10: Advantages of High Resistance Grounding Over Ungrounded Systems
- 05: Philippine Electrical Code 2017 – Interpretation
February 2022
- 27: Low Voltage Motor Protection Coordination Using Excel
- 26: Electrical Permits – PEC 2017 Provision
March 2020
January 2020
October 2019
September 2019
November 2018
September 2018
- 16: Arc Flash Incident – 13.8 kV Indoor Switchgear
- 07: Objectives of Grounding System
- 05: Grounding and Bonding Permitted Methods
May 2017
April 2017
April 2016
October 2015
December 2011
July 2011
June 2011
January 2009