Latest Blog

Sponsors

Posted in Design / PEC on November 29th, 2023

Selecting 80% or 100%-Rated Molded Case Circuit Breakers According to Philippine Electrical Code

Introduction

Molded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCBs) are used as protection devices to ensure safe operation of electrical circuits against overload, short circuit, and ground faults. MCCBs are used in residential applications, commercial and industrial installations; these breakers are used as a feeder breaker or branch circuit breaker. [caption id="attachment_17743" align="alignright" width="150"] Figure 1 -...
Posted in Automation / Design on November 22nd, 2023

Modernization of Electrical Substation Automation Systems Using IEC61850

The most important international standard for substation automation systems is IEC 61850 and its related standards. The installation of IEDs in substations, when combined with IEC61850, enables interoperability, flexibility, and increased efficiency and creates a wide range of potential solutions for substation operation, protection, monitoring, control, and automation. Modern substation automation (SA) makes use of data from IEDs to...
Posted in Education on November 17th, 2023

Chartered Professional Engineer or a Registered Professional Engineer

The terms "Chartered Professional Engineer" and "Registered Professional Engineer" can vary in meaning depending on the context and the specific profession or industry. Generally, these terms are often used in fields where individuals are required to meet certain engineer standards and qualifications. However, the specific meanings can differ between countries and professions. In some cases, "Chartered Professional Engineer" may refer...
Posted in Design / Protection / Technology on November 16th, 2023

IEC 61850 Changed Electrical Protection, Control and Monitoring

Intelligent Electronic Devices

Electrical protection is as fundamental to the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity as generators, transformers and transmission lines. A couple of decades ago microprocessor based relays replaced the traditional electromechanical types and from then on, there is an increasing usage in the various types of protection relays and other Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). This was due...
Posted in Design / Safety on November 15th, 2023

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) and its Importance in Power Quality

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) refers to the ability of electronic and electrical systems, devices, and equipment to operate in their intended electromagnetic environment without causing or experiencing interference. This interference can be either electromagnetic interference (EMI), where a device emits unwanted electromagnetic energy, or susceptibility to electromagnetic interference (EMC), where a device is affected by external electromagnetic disturbances.

Electromagnetic...

Read Our Blog
Learn the basics

Tutorials

MVA Method

At this times where supercomputers could fit into a mobile phone and utility softwares are always available to do particular tasks, most Electrical Engineers tend to forget how to implement …

Read more...
Short Circuit Study
What is a Short Circuit Study? A short circuit study calculates the short circuit capacity at designated locations within a...
MVA Method Short Circuit Calculation
A Short Circuit Study is an important tool in determining the ratings of electrical equipment to be installed...
MVA Method Load Flow Calculation
In previous tutorials for the MVA method, we have discussed the importance of Short Circuit Study, combining KVAs and...
MVA Method for 3-Winding Transformer
In previous tutorials, the examples provided were mostly for 2-winding transformers. In this tutorial, fault calculations for a 3-winding...
Complex MVA Method – Part 3
In Part 2, we have seen how to combine MVAs connected...
Complex MVA Method
The normal MVA method, despite its simplicity, provides only an approximate solution to determine the fault levels in a...
Complex MVA Method – Part 2
After presenting the equations that we will be using for the Complex MVA Method in Complex MVA Method – Part 4
In Part 1, Part 2, and Part...
Combining KVAs
KVAs in series. The total KVAs in series (KVAtotal) is the reciprocal sum or inverse sum of all series...

Cable Selection

Cable Selection – Single Phase Earth Conductor Sizes Fault Loop Impedance High Voltage Cable Selection – Underground Cables Selection for Motors

Read more...
Cable Selection – Single Phase
Note: This will be the first of a series of tutorials for the selection of cables. The objective of this...
Fault Loop Impedance
Note: This is the second part of a series of tutorials for cable selection. We have done cable selection based...
Cables Selection for Motors
When selecting a suitable cable size for a motor, there are more parameters to consider than when selecting cables...
High Voltage Underground Cable Selection
Unlike the other Cable Selection tutorials which deals with low voltage (LV) cables,...
Earthing Conductor Sizes
The following table lists the recommended minimum sizes of earthing conductors. Note: This serves only as a guide, calculations are...
Arc Flash Hazards
It's not too long ago that arc flash hazards has become an important part of electrical design. More clients...
IEEE 1584 Arc Flash Calculations
IEEE 1584 provides empirical formulas for determining arcing fault current, flash protection boundaries, and incident energy. The formulas are...
Time-Current Curves Using Excel – Part 1
In these articles, I have discussed the methodology on how to create time-current curves using excel.
  1. Creating Coordination Curves...
Time-Current Curves
Discrimination & coordination using Time-Current Curves
  1. TC Curves Part 1 - Introduction
  2. Time-Current Curve Part 2 – Discrimination
    In Part 1, I have discussed the basics of using excel in plotting time-current curves. In...
Back to basics

Downloads

Popular

Latest

Complete Download List
What we can offer

Our Services

Technical Consulting

We provide technical support, perform troubleshooting functions and resolve customer issues.

Project Concept Developemnt

We provide solutions to turn customer ideas into reality.

Detailed Engineering

We prepare all technical documents including to drawings to enable procurement of materials or and equipment and to carry out construction.

Project Management

Let us help you achieve your project goals and objectives within scope, time, and budget.

Construction

We build and deliver your project according to your requirements, specifications, budget and schedule.

Maintenance

We provide solutions to ensure optimum performance of your equipment.

Join my network

Get in touch

Connect with Ver Pangonilo

Design Guides

This design guide is intended provide typical electrical installation scenarios with each scenario to include compliance to standards. As their are many ways of complying with standards,this design guide is prepared to suit the minimum standards requirements.

While design principles equally applies to larger and more projects, this design guide will not attempt to address the design needs of those installations.

Philippine Electrical Code

PEC 2009

A Design Guide according to the Philippines Electrical Code is available at Filipino Engineer Wiki

Learn more »