Low Voltage Circuit Breaker Selection Criteria
The selection of any low voltage circuit breaker, for any given duty, is ultimately based on an assessment of its ability to perform the following basic functions: To carry the …
Electrical Protection Fundamentals
There are different protection techniques and principles. Fuses are the simplest and cheapest technology. After operation, however, fuses are required to be manually replaced to restore protection features. Protection relays …
High Voltage Arc Flash Assessment and Applications Part 2
Part 1 of this article, which was the cover story in the previous issue of NETA World, explored the need for high-voltage arc flash (HVAF) assessment to protect utility workers …
High Voltage Arc Flash Assessment and Applications
Arc flash assessment based on IEEE 1584 has limitations with respect to the voltage. The voltage range applicable to IEEE 1584-2018 remains unchanged at 208V through 15kV. Low voltage range …
Recommended Protection Relay Grading Interval
Typical Protection Relay Timing Errors Protection relay grading intervals are critical in ensuring selective coordination in power systems. The recommended protection relay grading intervals typically depend on the type of …
Transients In Low Voltage Electrical Systems
This paper provides a comprehensive review on the types of transients that may affect low voltage electrical systems and discusses various characteristics of lightning, switching, nuclear and intentional microwave impulses …