There are different protection techniques and principles. Fuses are the simplest and cheapest technology. After operation, however, fuses are required to be manually replaced to restore protection features. Protection relays …
Part 1 of this article, which was the cover story in the previous issue of NETA World, explored the need for high-voltage arc flash (HVAF) assessment to protect utility workers …
Arc flash assessment based on IEEE 1584 has limitations with respect to the voltage. The voltage range applicable to IEEE 1584-2018 remains unchanged at 208V through 15kV. Low voltage range …
Typical Protection Relay Timing Errors Protection relay grading intervals are critical in ensuring selective coordination in power systems. The recommended protection relay grading intervals typically depend on the type of …
This paper provides a comprehensive review on the types of transients that may affect low voltage electrical systems and discusses various characteristics of lightning, switching, nuclear and intentional microwave impulses …
Intelligent Electronic Devices Electrical protection is as fundamental to the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity as generators, transformers and transmission lines. A couple of decades ago microprocessor based relays …