Point-on-Wave (PoW) Switching
Definition Point-on-Wave (PoW) switching is a technique used in power systems to control the precise timing of circuit breaker operations in relation to the waveform of the alternating current (AC) …
Significance of K factor in High VoltageCircuit Breaker Ratings
High Voltage Circuit Breaker Interrupting Rating The interrupting ratings of a high-voltage circuit breaker are primarily defined by two parameters: the rated short-circuit current, I, and the rated maximum voltage, …
Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis – A Requirement of the Philippine Electrical Code
Arc-flash analysis is required by the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) to enhance safety for workers who may be exposed to electrical hazards. PEC mandates arc-flash analysis requirements under Section 1.3.2.1(F) …
High Voltage Arc Flash Assessment and Applications Part 2
Part 1 of this article, which was the cover story in the previous issue of NETA World, explored the need for high-voltage arc flash (HVAF) assessment to protect utility workers …
High Voltage Arc Flash Assessment and Applications
Arc flash assessment based on IEEE 1584 has limitations with respect to the voltage. The voltage range applicable to IEEE 1584-2018 remains unchanged at 208V through 15kV. Low voltage range …
Protection Coordination in Electrical Substation – A Case Study
Protection coordination is the heart of all power systems. To ensure a quality and reliable operation of the power systems, an electrical fault must be cleared within a short time. …