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Tag: Standards

IEC / IEEE / NFPA / PEC / PV Systems

Time for an Update: Why the Philippine Electrical Code Needs to Align with the Latest NEC Edition

Executive Summary The Philippine Electrical Code Part 1 – 2017 (PEC1:2017) has served as the national standard for electrical installations for nearly a decade. Modeled after the U.S. National Electrical …

Protection / PV Systems / Variable Renewable Energy

Protection Philosophy for Renewable Energy Integration

Aligned with IEC and IEEE Standards 1. Introduction The integration of Renewable Energy Systems (RES), such as Photovoltaic (PV) solar power, Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS), and Battery Energy Storage …

Design / IEC / IEEE / Protection / Safety / Standards

Ground Fault Detection Methods in Power Systems: Techniques, Applications, and International Standards

Ground faults are one of the most common and potentially damaging disturbances in electrical power systems. They occur when a phase conductor unintentionally comes into contact with the ground or …

Design / Lightning Protection

Lightning Protection Requirements for Hazardous Areas: International Standards Compliance

Abstract Hazardous areas, particularly those containing flammable gases, vapors, or dust, are highly susceptible to ignition from lightning-induced transients. Ensuring proper lightning protection in such environments is not only a …

Design / IEEE / Standards / Tutorials

Generator Grounding Methods and Harmonic Behavior During Ground Faults

1. Introduction Proper grounding of generator neutrals is critical to ensure personnel safety, protect equipment, and enable effective fault detection. IEEE Std C37.101, “Guide for Generator Ground Protection,” outlines various …

Design / IEC / IEEE

Mesh Grounding Design for GIS: Importance, Standards, and Analysis Tools

1. Introduction Grounding systems in high-voltage substations—especially Gas Insulated Substations (GIS)—play a critical role in ensuring operational safety, equipment protection, and electromagnetic compatibility. Among the grounding approaches, mesh grounding is …

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  • The Scope and Legal Definition of Electrical Engineering Practice in the Philippines Under Republic Act No. 7920
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  • Power System Study Requirements under the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC 2017): A Technical Guide for Filipino Electrical Engineers
  • Arc Flash Hazard Mitigation: A Comparative Analysis of IEC and IEEE/ANSI Standards
  • Provisions for Lightning Protection in the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC 1 – 2017)

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