Point-on-Wave (PoW) Switching
Definition Point-on-Wave (PoW) switching is a technique used in power systems to control the precise timing of circuit breaker operations in relation to the waveform of the alternating current (AC) …
Significance of K factor in High VoltageCircuit Breaker Ratings
High Voltage Circuit Breaker Interrupting Rating The interrupting ratings of a high-voltage circuit breaker are primarily defined by two parameters: the rated short-circuit current, I, and the rated maximum voltage, …
High Voltage Arc Flash Assessment and Applications
Arc flash assessment based on IEEE 1584 has limitations with respect to the voltage. The voltage range applicable to IEEE 1584-2018 remains unchanged at 208V through 15kV. Low voltage range …
Recommended Protection Relay Grading Interval
Typical Protection Relay Timing Errors Protection relay grading intervals are critical in ensuring selective coordination in power systems. The recommended protection relay grading intervals typically depend on the type of …
Earthing Systems – Design Calculations Analysis
Earthing systems are essential components of electrical systems, serving to safeguard individuals in close proximity from potential electric shocks and ensuring the proper functioning of equipment in the event of …
Compliance to Statutory Laws
I was reminded of this article which I have written about many years ago when I attended some product presentations about variable speed drives. What catch my attention most was …