Protection Coordination in Electrical Substation – A Case Study
Protection coordination is the heart of all power systems. To ensure a quality and reliable operation of the power systems, an electrical fault must be cleared within a short time. …
Recommended Protection Relay Grading Interval
Typical Protection Relay Timing Errors Protection relay grading intervals are critical in ensuring selective coordination in power systems. The recommended protection relay grading intervals typically depend on the type of …
Compliance to Statutory Laws
I was reminded of this article which I have written about many years ago when I attended some product presentations about variable speed drives. What catch my attention most was …
IEEE Transformers Categories
There are four (4) categories of transformers according to IEEE Std. C57.12.00 – IEEE Standard for General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers. Categories of Transformer Rating Category …
Sub-synchronous torsional interaction (SSTI)
Definition Sub-synchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) is a phenomenon in power systems where mechanical torsional oscillations of a turbine-generator shaft interact with the electrical sub-synchronous frequency components of the power system. …
Flame Retardant and Flame Resistant Cables – Differences, Applications and Standards
Application Flame retardant cables and fire resistant cables are both designed to withstand specific fire-related hazards, but they serve different primary purposes. Flame retardant cables are designed to prevent the …