Transmission Line Sag Calculation
Transmission line sag is a critical parameter in the design and operation of overhead power lines. It refers to the vertical distance between the lowest point of the conductor and …
Recommended Protection Relay Grading Interval
Typical Protection Relay Timing Errors Protection relay grading intervals are critical in ensuring selective coordination in power systems. The recommended protection relay grading intervals typically depend on the type of …
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Introduction In the early days of radio and telegraph communications, it was known that a spark gap generates electromagnetic waves that can cause interference or noise in various electronic and …
Selection of AC Short-circuit Protective Devices and Equipment
Industrial power distribution system shall be designed to have an adequate protection from all short-cirruit. The maximum short-circuit current at any point of the system should be less than the …
Earthing Systems – Design Calculations Analysis
Earthing systems are essential components of electrical systems, serving to safeguard individuals in close proximity from potential electric shocks and ensuring the proper functioning of equipment in the event of …
Importance of Earthing Only One End of a Cable
Multi-core cables are particularly used for control, instrumentation, computers and telecommunications. These cables carry very small currents in their conductors compared to power cables. These currents feed into very sensitive …