Lightning Damage to Structures
IEC 62305 – Protection against lightning Lightning is a very high-energy phenomenon. Lightning protection is often times taken for granted as the probability of a lightning strike to a structure …
IEC 61439-1 Minimum Size for PE, PEN Conductors
Background In 2010, the new standard IEC 61439 series was published to replace the IEC 60439 series. The purpose of the IEC 61439 series of standards is to harmonize as …
Insulation Testing
Insulation testing is a routine test carried out during pre-commissioning and prior to the energising of equipment and cables. Methods used for insulation testing are: Insulation Resistance (IR) Testing Insulation …
Comparison of IEC and ANSI Terminology
When performing designs where mixed standards are used, there will be lots of confusions along the process. These confusions will one way or another affect the result of the project …
Time-Current Curves Using Excel
This tutorial serves a guide for the creation of time-current curves using Excel 2013. The user is expected to have at least an intermediate level of knowledge in the usage …