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Tag: Design

Design

Choosing the Right Transformer Cooling: ONAN vs. KNAN

Where reliability and safety are paramount in a power system, selecting the right transformer cooling method can have a significant impact on performance, maintenance, and long-term costs. Two commonly used …

Design / Protection

Protection and Backup Protection for High Voltage Cables

1. Introduction High voltage (HV) cable protection is critical to ensure reliability and safety in power transmission systems. The primary protection scheme for HV cables is current differential protection (87L), …

Design / Standards

Technical Comparison of Air-Insulated Switchgear (AIS) and Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS)

1. Introduction The selection of appropriate switchgear is crucial for power system reliability, safety, and efficiency. Air-Insulated Switchgear (AIS) and Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS) are two predominant technologies used in electrical …

Design / PV Systems

Optimizing Earth Fault Detection for a 100MW PV and Ni-Cd BESS System

In a large-scale 100MW photovoltaic (PV) system with a Ni-Cd battery energy storage system (BESS) operating at medium voltage, detecting earth faults early is crucial for maintaining reliability, safety, and …

Design / PV Systems

Evaluation of Ni-Cd Batteries in Photovoltaic Systems

1. Charge Controllers Photovoltaic (PV) systems require charge controllers to regulate battery charging and optimize energy usage. The two primary types of charge controllers are Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) …

Power Line
ANSI / Design / IEC / IEEE / Protection

Lockout Relay (ANSI Device 86) – Functions, Importance, and Standards

1. Introduction A lockout relay (LOR) is a critical component in power system protection schemes, ensuring that once a fault occurs, the affected equipment remains isolated until a manual reset …

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