Point-on-Wave (PoW) Switching
Definition Point-on-Wave (PoW) switching is a technique used in power systems to control the precise timing of circuit breaker operations in relation to the waveform of the alternating current (AC) …
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Importance of Surge Impedance Loading (SIL) in Transmission Lines
Introduction The demand for power is steadily increasing every year, leading to a growing gap between power supply and demand. This gap can be addressed by either adding new generation …
Significance of K factor in High VoltageCircuit Breaker Ratings
High Voltage Circuit Breaker Interrupting Rating The interrupting ratings of a high-voltage circuit breaker are primarily defined by two parameters: the rated short-circuit current, I, and the rated maximum voltage, …
Philippine Electrical Code – Ambient Correction Factor for Cables
Temperature in the Philippines According to PAGASA data, the average mean annual temperature across all weather stations in the Philippines, excluding Baguio, is 26.6°C. The coolest month is January, with …
Philippine Electrical Code – Objectionable Current
What is Objectionable Current? The term “objectionable current” in the context of the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) refers to the presence of current flow on grounding conductors or grounding paths …
Philippine Electrical Code – General Requirements for Grounding and Bonding
Performance-based requirements establish overall objectives without prescribing specific methods to achieve them. The opening paragraph of Section 2.50.1.4 explains that the performance objectives outlined in 2.50.1.4(A) for grounded systems and …