Modes of Operation – Variable Speed Drives
Variable speed drives are capable of operating in 4-quadrant modes of operation. When energy is transferred from the electric motor to the mechanical load, it is operating in motoring mode. …
System Voltage Classes (ANSI)
In ANSI C84.1-2011, Clause 3, system voltage classes were explained Low Voltage (LV) A class of nominal system voltages 1000 volts or less. Medium Voltage (MV) A class of nominal …
Electrical Power System Studies
Power system studies vary significantly In each design process depending on the purpose of the project. It would be better to have a complete study on your project rather than …
Protection Against Electric Shock – Indirect Contact
IEC 60364-4-41 Electrical installations of buildings – Part 4-41: Protection for safety – Protection against electric shock has provided several measures of protection against indirect contact listed as follows: Automatic …
IEEE and IEC Interface
A project dealing only with either IEEE/ANSI/UL or IEC standards is not an issue. If there will be mixed standards within a single project, then compliance becomes an issue. In …
IEC 60038 – Voltage Standardization
IEC 60038-1983, amended in 1994 and 1997 (current revision IEC 60038:2009/AMD1:2021) is a directive to standardize voltages of a.c. transmission, distribution, and utilization systems and equipment for use in such …