Electrical equipment grounding for a power system can be classified according to functions: working grounding, lightning protection grounding, protective grounding, and instrumentation and control equipment grounding. Working Grounding This is …
Hazardous area is defined in IEC 60079 as an area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is present, or may be expected to be present, in sufficient quantities to require …
Lightning is a very high-energy phenomenon. Lightning protection is oftentimes taken for granted as the probability of a lightning strike to a structure is low, and damage to properties and …
Rolling Sphere Method The Rolling Sphere Method is a popular and acceptable method of implementing lighting protection on structures. In the Philippine Electrical Code, the rolling sphere method is mentioned …
The differences between IEC methodology and ANSI/IEEE methodology in calculating short-circuit currents are: 1. DC Decay Component. ANSI/IEEE requires the calculation of a single Thevenin equivalent fault point X/R ratio, …
Successful projects, particularly big-budget ones, were not developed overnight. These projects have undergone several stages. Missing any one stage may cause disastrous effects on the projects leading to project delivery …