Engineering Standards – Do We Need to Comply With Them?
The project that I previously worked with was in its final stages of detailed design when a lot of discussions were undertaken on how to get along with construction people …
Application – Fault Sequence Network Connection
In my previous article, I have provided the different formula for calculating fault currents in different fault scenarios. We will put that into the application at this time. A utility …
Lightning Protection Of Oil And Gas Industrial Plants
Storage Tank Explosion Lightning struck a large oil storage tank on the evening of Friday, 05 August 2022 in Matanzas, Cuba, causing a huge fire. It is now spreading to …
IEC Motor Protection Coordination
IEC 60947-4-1 addresses coordination between the motor circuit protective devices and the motor starters. It also provides a method to measure performance of these devices if a short-circuit occurs. This …
IEEE 399 – Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis
IEEE 399 is commonly known as the Brown Book in the Color Book series. The Brown Book supplements the rest of the color book series. Its practical and general treatment …
Arc Flash – Hazard and System Grounding
IEEE 1584 Guide Equation for calculation of incident energy has a factor K2 for system grounding. The value of K2 is Ungrounded and high or low resistance grounded systems = …