IEC 61439-1 Minimum Size for PE, PEN Conductors
Background In 2010, the new standard IEC 61439 series was published to replace the IEC 60439 series. The purpose of the IEC 61439 series of standards is to harmonize as …
Conductor Stranding – IEEE vs IEC Standards
Important Notes: A conductor size expressed in mm² shall be IEC standard and sizes in AWG or kcmil shall be IEEE standard. PEC standard conductors are similar to IEEE standards …
GMD, GMR and Waterfall Charts
Waterfall charts are useful tools in design when there is a very wide range of possibilities and something needs to be done. A good example of this is cable selection. …
Three Elements of Good Engineering Design
Practically, all engineering design problems require three (3) elements to come up with a complete solution. 1. Measurable Elements. These elements can be determined with exactness. Example – material costs, …
Insulation Testing
Insulation testing is a routine test carried out during pre-commissioning and prior to the energising of equipment and cables. Methods used for insulation testing are: Insulation Resistance (IR) Testing Insulation …
International Standards as PEC Alternatives in Electrical Installation in the Philippines
Is it possible to use International Standards such as IEC 60364 and NFPA 70 for electrical installations in the Philippines? International Standards such as IEC 60364 and NFPA 70 are …