Electrical Permits – PEC 2017 Provision

An Electrical Permit is required before starting any installation work, alteration, repair or extension on any electrical system. The owners, lessors, operators, occupants, or licensed electrical practitioners shall obtain an …

Earth Fault-Loop Impedance Calculation

What is “Earth Fault-Loop Impedance”? Why is it important? Standards define “Earth Fault-Loop Impedance” as the impedance of the earth fault-current loop (active-to-earth loop) starting and ending at the point-of-earth …

Grounding and Bonding Permitted Methods

Grounding is one of the most taken for granted provision of the Philippine Electrical Code. The incompetence of Electrical Inspectors make this practice worst. I inspected the grounding system of …