Comparison of IEC and ANSI Terminology
When performing designs where mixed standards are used, there will be lots of confusions along the process. These confusions will one way or another affect the result of the project …
Transformer K-factor Rating and Variable Speed Drives
In this article, I have discussed the difference between a conventional transformer and a K-factor rated transformer. In modern-day plants, Variable Speed Drives (VSD) are widely used. The project I …
Old School Method Rocks (Do not be an Idiot)
I am an advocate of Old School methodologies. Old school method rocks. A scientific calculator, a writing pad, a pen, and probably a straight rule are the only basic tools …
Transformer K-Factor Rating and Harmonics
What is Transformer K-Factor Rating A conventional transformer has restricted use in an environment where non-linear loads are utilized, unbalanced input voltage or load current exceeds 5% total harmonic distortion. …
10 Reasons to Use Per unit
In the advent of computers, per unit or percent methods of calculations simplify short circuit calculations. J. Lewis Blackburn and Thomas J. Domin, in their book Protective Relaying, Principles and …
Circuit Breaker Ratings – A Primer for Protection Engineers
This paper prepared by Bogdan Kasztenny, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc., and Joe Rostron, Southern States, LLC which was presented at the 71st Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers and can …