Which Standard Prevails?
I have been involved in many projects wherein specifications and datasheets are required to comply with the local standards. Most of the time, this will create issues during the procurement …
Estimation of Plant Electrical Load – Part 3
Note: This is the third part of a series of articles in the estimation of pant electrical loads. Check these for Part 1 and Part 2 In Part 2, a …
Explosive Atmospheres – ANSI/ISA/UL/NFPA/EIC
In late 2009, the International Society of Automation (ISA) and Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated (UL) jointly issued ANSI/ISA 60079-0 Explosive atmospheres – Part 0: Equipment – General Requirements which is a …
Estimation of Plant Electrical Load – Part 2
Note: This is the second part of a series of articles in the estimation of pant electrical loads. Check this for Part 1. Key Single Line Diagrams In this part …
Lightning protection
Lightning is a high-voltage discharge (usually negative) within clouds (intra-), to each other (inter-), or to the earth. The cloud-to-ground (CG) flash is the one we are usually concerned with …
Extending Equipment Service Life
In critical operations, extended plant shutdown is not acceptable unless it is a turnaround. A turnaround (TAR) is a scheduled event wherein an entire process unit of an industrial plant …